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Major Cities in Indiana with Drug Rehab and Treatment Centers:
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866-407-4380
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Drug Rehab Indiana
is here to help people with drug and/or alcohol abuse problems in Indiana. find treatment options. Due to our diverse networking system we can find a treatment option tailored to each individuals specific situation and needs. We are able to provide all phases of recovery included but not limited to, alcohol and/or drug intervention, drug and/or alcohol detox, in-patient treatment, out-patient treatment, short term treatment (30 days or less), long term treatment (90 days or longer).
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We design personalized treatment programs to provide each abuser with the greatest chance of a successful recovery outcome. Our comprehensive networking system works hand in hand with all of the drug treatment centers in Indiana. At Drug Rehab Indiana we know that each individual is unique and are treated as such. Deciding upon a treatment option in Indiana, or anywhere can be a daunting task for any individual or family, we will guide you through each step of a comprehensive treatment plan for you or your loved one. We are determined in our mission, that every drug and/or alcohol abuser in Indiana. that has a desire to change their life will be given a chance to recover from their addiction and we are dedicated to ensuring that they are given the opportunity to do so.
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We realize that each individual in Indiana. is in a different financial situation and we will find treatment options for each individual regardless of their financial situation. No matter what your financial situation everyone will receive the treatment help they are looking for.
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866-407-4380
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History
of Cocaine
Cocaine
in its various forms is derived from the coca plant which is native to the high
mountain ranges of South America. The coca leaves were used by natives of this
region and acted upon the user as a stimulant. The stimulating effects of the
drug increase breathing which increases oxygen intake. This afforded native laborers
of the region the stamina to perform their duties in the thin air at high altitudes.
In time science figured out how to maximize the strength and effect of the drug
contained in the coca leaves. Through chemically synthesizing the coca leaves
the white crystal powder we have come to know as cocaine was created. As time
passed newer methods to magnify the euphoric effects of the drug were invented
which has led us to the most potent and addictive form of the drug, crack. Crack
cocaine is the most popularly used version of cocaine today. Smoking cocaine
rocks began in the late 1970's. Rocking-up cocaine powder and smoking it was originally
the method developed so distributors of cocaine could test the purity of the drug
before it was purchased from the manufacturers. Crack has destroyed millions of
lives since it was first introduced to the streets of America. Crack is a relatively
new drug on the scene compared to drugs like opium or heroin; nonetheless, it
has been part of our history and culture for nearly 150 years. Cocaine's
Role in American History Cocaine was first synthesized in 1855. It was not
until 1880, however, that its effects were recognized by the medical world. The
first recognized authority and advocate for this drug was world famous psychologist,
Sigmund Freud. Early in his career, Freud broadly promoted cocaine as a safe and
useful tonic that could cure depression and sexual impotence. Cocaine got a further
boost in acceptability when in 1886 John Pemberton included cocaine as the main
ingredient in his new soft drink, Coca Cola. It was cocaine's euphoric and energizing
effects on the consumer that was mostly responsible for skyrocketing Coca Cola
into its place as the most popular soft drink in history. From
the 1850's to the early 1900's, cocaine and opium laced elixirs, tonics and wines
were broadly used by people of all social classes. This is a fact that is for
the most part hidden in American history. The truth is that at this time there
was a large drug culture affecting a broad sector of American society. Other famous
people that promoted the "miraculous" effects of cocaine elixirs were
Thomas Edison and actress Sarah Bernhart. Because there were no restrictions placed
on acquiring these drugs in the early 1900's, narcotics were an acceptable way
of life for a large number of people, many of whom were people of stature. Cocaine
was a main stay in the silent film industry. The pro-drug messages coming out
of Hollywood at this time were receiving international attention which influenced
the attitudes of millions of people about cocaine. As
a rule, famous people are role models that can and do influence the masses. Star
power has proven time and again to be the most potent form of advertising. Think
about it: The worlds most famous psychologist; the man that invented the light
bulb; a stable of Hollywood silent film stars; and the inventor or the most popular
soft drink in history - all on the pro-cocaine band wagon. All promoting the drug's
positive effects. Some did it through personal testimonials that ran in printed
pages across the nation. Others (in particular the silent film stars) promoted
cocaine's acceptability through the examples they set by their well publicized
life styles. In
the same way as other narcotics like opium and heroin during this time, cocaine
also began to be used as an active ingredient in a variety of "cure all"
tonics and beverages. In many of the tonics that drug companies were producing
at this time, cocaine would be mixed with opiates and administered freely to old
and young alike. It wasn't until some years later that the dangers of these drugs
became apparent. In
fact, it was the negative side effects of habitual cocaine use that was responsible
for coining the phrase, "dope fiend". This terminology came about because
of the behavior of a person abusing cocaine for prolonged periods of time. Because
cocaine is such a powerful stimulant, prolonged daily use of the drug creates
severe sleep deprivation and loss of appetite. A person might go days or sometimes
weeks without sleeping or eating properly. The user often experiences psychotic
behavior. They hallucinate and become delusionary. Coming down from the drug causes
a severe state of depression for the person in withdrawal. This person can then
become so desperate for more of the drug that they will do just about anything
to get more of it, including murder. If the drug is not readily available, the
depression one experiences in withdrawal can become so great the user will sometimes
become suicidal. It is because of this heinous effect on the user that the word
"fiend" became associated with cocaine addiction. Over
the course of the next several years the American majority became more and more
aware of the dangers of cocaine. As the severity of this problem became more and
more apparent, concern mounted to an eventual public outcry to ban the social
use of cocaine. This public pressure forced Pemberton to remove cocaine from Coca
Cola in 1903. Eventually the public pressure became so great as to place a national
prohibition on cocaine. The country's legislators took notice, and in 1920 cocaine
was added to the list of narcotics to be outlawed by the passing of The Dangerous
Drug Act of 1920. Unfortunately, as with the opiates like heroin, the dangers
of cocaine abuse were recognized by law makers after the fact. The market for
cocaine had already been established and was deeply entrenched into American history
and culture and is with us today. History
of Cocaine Timeline courtesy erowid.org
| c.
3000 B.C. | Coca
chewing is practiced throughout South America. Coca is believed to be a gift from
God. | | 1400s | Coca
plantations are operated by Incas in Peru. | | 1505 | First
hand accounts of coca use made their way back to Europe. Amerigo Vespucci (1505),
G Frenandez de Oviedo (1535), and Nicholas Monardes (1565). |
| Early
1500s | Incan
Coca plantations are taken over by holders of Spanish land grants. Spanish tax
laws are revised to allow land owners to make their tax payments in coca leaves. |
| 1539 | The
Bishop of Cuzco tithes coca, taking 1/10 of the value of each crop in taxes. |
| Mid
1500s | Coca
production in Peru expands quickly causing a glut of leaf on the market which
in turn precipitated a drop in the price of coca. | | 1574 | Monardes'
text on Coca is first translated into other European languages from Spanish; Latin
(1574), Italian (1576), English (1577). | | 1575 | Forced
laborors working in the Spanish silver mines were kept well supplied with Coca
leaves. Roughly 8\\% of the Europeans living in Peru were involved in the Coca
trade. | | 1662 | Abraham
Cowley writes a poem titled "A Legend of Coca". This is the first independent
mention of coca in English literature. | | 1708 | Coca
is first mentioned in a materia medica, Institutiones Medicae, written by German
physician and botanist Herman Boerhaave. | | 1835 | First
accurate drawing of Coca appears in popular English press. The illustration by
Sir William Hooker, director of the Kew gardens, was published in Companion to
the Botanical Magazine. | | 1850 | Coca
tinctures used in throat surgery. | | 1855 | Cocaine
first extracted from Coca leaves. | | 1862 | Merck
produces 1/4 pound of cocaine. | | 1869 | Seeds
from the commercial variety of Coca arrived at Kew Gardens. |
| 1870 | Vin
Mariani (Coca wine) is for sale throughout France, containing 6 mg cocaine per
ounce of wine. Exported Vin Mariani contained 7.2 mg per ounce to compete with
the higher cocaine content of American competitors. | | 1870s | Parke,Davis
manufactures a fluid extract of coca. | | 1876
- 1885 | Race
walkers in England chew Coca leaves to improve their performance. |
| 1883 | Merck
produces 3/4 pound of Cocaine. | | 1884 | Cocaine's
use as a local anesthetic in eye surgery is popularized. |
| 1884 | Freud
publishes On Coca in which he recommends the use of cocaine to treat a variety
of conditions including morphine addiction. | | 1884 | Merck
produces 3,179 pounds of Cocaine. | | 1886 | Merck
produces 158,352 pounds of Cocaine. | | 1886 | Coca-Cola
is first introduced by John Pemberton, containing cocaine laced syrup and caffeine.
| | Late
1880s | Parke,Davis
starts to manufacture refined cocaine. | | 1901 | Coca-Cola
removed Coca from their formula. | | 1905 | Snorting
cocaine becomes popular. | | 1910 | First
cases of nasal damage from Cocaine snorting are written of in medical literature.
First cases of nasal damage from Cocaine snorting are seen in hospitals.
| | 1912 | U.S.
Government reports 5,000 Cocaine related fatalities in one year. |
| 1914 | Cocaine
banned in United States. | | Early
1930s | Japan
is the world's leading cocaine producer (23.3\%) followed by the United States
(21.3\%), Germany (15\%), UK (9.9\%), France (8.3\%). | | 1976 | Freebase
cocaine first developed (probably in California). It would soon be popularized
by dealers and glamorized by Hollywood media. | | 1981 | Wholesale
cost of 1 kg of cocaine is $55,000. | | 1984 | Wholesale
cost of 1 kg cocaine is $25,000. | | Mid
1980's | Freebase
cocaine becomes popular. | | References
1
. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs: Cocaine, A New Epidemic, by Chris- Ellyn
Johanson. 2 . A Brief History of Cocaine, by Steven B. Karch 3 . A Brief
History of Cocaine, by Steven B. Karch. 4 . The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive
Drugs: Cocaine, A New Epidemic, by Chris-Ellyn Johanson. 5 . The Encyclopedia
of Psychoactive Drugs: Cocaine: A New Epidemic, by Chris-Ellyn Johanson. |
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